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#1 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Definition of “compatibility” with diffuse functions » Today 01:15:09

1 ADCH charge more negative than -0.6 or -0.7. ADCH charge can be calculated by Multiwfn using 7-11-1.
2 It is reasonable
3 Should be
4 This fully depends on which wavefunction analysis method will be used. Only less than 30% analysis methods in Multiwfn is incompatible with diffuse functions. For example, if calculating Mayer bond order and Mulliken charge, then def2-TZVPD should no be used, unless the atoms with diffuse functions are very far from the region of interest.

#2 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Ehrenfest force » Yesterday 19:46:25

Multiwfn doesn't provide this feature, please export vector field as .txt file and try to visualize the field via e.g. Origin

#3 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Definition of “compatibility” with diffuse functions » Yesterday 04:26:46

For anions (more specifically, for significantly negatively charged atoms), def2-TZVP is inadequate, at least for evaluating energy and properties related to electronic structure.

#4 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Definition of “compatibility” with diffuse functions » Yesterday 04:14:11

According to my experience, def2-TZVP is safe for any wavefunction analysis.

#5 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Definition of “compatibility” with diffuse functions » Yesterday 03:00:49

Usually, a GTF with exponent less than 0.05 is regarded as a diffuse function.
Although def2-TZVP doesn't contain diffuse functtions, it is well known that it is more diffuse than 6-311G series. Note that diffuseness of 6-311G is inadequate, making its result frequently unsatisfactory (see J. Chem. Phys., 91, 7305 (1989)).

#6 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Ehrenfest force » 2025-10-27 20:11:52

I am not sure if the code is fully correct, please compare the result with published values, what I can say is that the format and utilization of variable/arrays look reasonable. If you find the result is correct and in line with with published values, please let me know and I would like to include it into official source code.

#7 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Ehrenfest force » 2025-10-26 22:38:30

Hello,

Ehrenfest force has not been explicitly implemented in Multiwfn. But you can easily extend the source code Multiwfn to realize this aim. Stress tensor is calculated by "subroutine stress_tensor" in function.f90. Basic knowledge about modifying source code of Multiwfn can be found in http://sobereva.com/multiwfn/res/Modify … ltiwfn.pdf

#8 Re: Quantum Chemistry » Frequency correction » 2025-10-26 20:18:59

wham09 wrote:

Additional questions:

1. I understand that unlike sclZPE, other scale factors are normally close to unity. But I still want to understand how they're derived. From what I read in Moran/Radom paper (doi/10.1021/jp073974n), sclheat and sclS cannot be obtained by simply fitting U_calc and U_exp (or S_calc and S_exp) linearly. Am I correct?

2. Can I get any reference where the scale factors for CV are derived? I could never find it.

3. I tried fitting the frequency scale factor myself. For some of the molecules in F38/10 set, the degenerate frequencies appeared to be different from each other. For example, the frequencies corresponding to the 3rd mode (pi_u symmetry) of CO2 are 646.6657 and 646.6429 in my calculation output. Did I do something wrong? Or should I just average them?

4. If what I want at the end is G(sol), should I put into Shermo the E value from SCRF calculation, rather than gas-phase single-point?

1 Yes. U and S are not determined linearly with respect to frequencies.
2 AFAIK, no known literature reported it
3 When using DFT, distribution of integration grids usually does not satisfy molecular symmetry. To make the degeneracy better, you can use better integration grid (e.g. int=superfine with CPHF=grid=fine)
4 Yes

#9 Re: Quantum Chemistry » Frequency correction » 2025-10-26 20:14:29

wham09 wrote:

Dear Prof. Lu,

The Shermo code utilizes frequency scale factors for ZPE, U(T)-U(0), S, and CV. I can find the scale factors for ZPE in the literature, but the other three factors are rarely documented (especially, I could not find the factors for CV). So I'd like to ask if the following routine would work.

1. Fit the fundamental frequency factor for my functional/basis set using a database (F38/10 for example).
2. Run a opt-freq calculation for my molecule, and tabulate the computed harmonic frequencies.
3. Multiply the computed frequencies by the fitted fundamental frequency factor.
4. Put the results as the custom frequencies into a new freq calculation input with freq=(ReadFC, ReadIsotopes) keyword. (Or use scale keyword)
5. Use the output of the new freq calculation as the input file for Shermo, with the following settings:
  5-1. sclZPE, sclheat, sclS, sclCV = 1.0
  5-2. ilowfreq = 2 or 3

Only ZPE scale factor is relatively important, you can simply set other factors to 1.

#10 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Help with understanding results of Shubin Liu's EDA » 2025-10-26 04:07:36

1 sobEDAw was not parameterized for transition metals
2 Solely using def2 is good, note that accuracy of SDD pseudopotential basis set is worse than def2-TZVP
3 You can use any appropriate level to perform geometry optimization.

#11 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Help with understanding results of Shubin Liu's EDA » 2025-10-23 04:53:36

b3lyp, blyp, TPSSTPSS: Their D3 parameters are built-in in Gaussian, so do not need to customize
For BHandHLYP and TPSSh, their D3 parameters must be customized via respective IOps.

#12 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Help with understanding results of Shubin Liu's EDA » 2025-10-23 03:08:09

Yes, it should be applied to all systems involved in sobEDA calculation.

#14 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Help with understanding results of Shubin Liu's EDA » 2025-10-20 23:28:48

1 You can install Multiwfn in your private user directory, you must have privilege. Also you can consider to run commands in sobEDA.sh manually, for all commands involving g16, run them on remote server, while run all other commands in Linux environment of your local machine.

2 The most important value of ETS-NOCV is decomposing E_orb term between fragments. However, EDA-SBL decomposes total energy of a system, there is no correlation between them.

#15 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Error: The promolecular density for the element with index of 113 has » 2025-10-19 18:41:50

Hello,

Your map is not very satisfactory. I suggest you inputting the following commands in Multiwfn after loading the .xyz file

20
-10
2
279-349
c
11
279-349
4 A
0.15
3

Then use igm_inter.vmd to render the cube files, and set isovalue to 0.003 and properly modify representation, then image looks nice:

1.png

#16 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Help with understanding results of Shubin Liu's EDA » 2025-10-19 18:39:51

Hello,

1 Neither the steric term nor quantum term in EDA-SBL fully correlate to steric effect in common sense.
To characterize steric effect between fragments, I would like to suggest calculating Pauli repulsion term in sobEDA energy decomposition method, see J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127, 7023−7035. sobEDA is very easy to use if you have Gaussian 16 and Multiwfn.

2 EDA-SBL and ETS-NOCV have very different theoretical framework, the former treats the system as a whole, while the latter focus on analyzing interfragment interactions, there is no any direct correlation between them.

#17 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » EDA and Time Limit » 2025-10-19 18:19:31

If you refer to sobEDA.sh script, there is no restart consideration. Please rerun, or manually modify the script

#18 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Animating electronic structure (+ additional general question) » 2025-10-17 22:29:45

1 In the interface of defining plotting plane in main function 4, there are many choices, if you are confused, please check Section 3.5 of Multiwfn manual for explanation.

2 If your actual system is under solvent environment, considering solvation model is always recommended. Even for low-polar solvents, their polarization effect on solute wavefunction is nonnegligible.

#19 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Topological analysis on grid without interpolation » 2025-10-13 18:40:53

I have checked, at high-quality grid (corresponding to 0.13 Bohr grid spacing of your system), the 3D-spline interpolated density around some nuclei doesn't vary fully reasonably, making generation of a few bond paths unsuccessful. However, if grid spacing of 0.05 Bohr is used to generate electron density grid data, all bond paths can be successfully generated.

Unlike basin analysis in Multiwfn, the bond paths are not generated directly at grids. To generate bond paths, the derivative of electron density beyond grids must be evaluated, so it is impossible to "simply calculate the derivatives numerically on the grid"

#20 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Implementation of LIBRETA in PAEM calculations » 2025-10-13 16:03:45

Hello,

Currently there are two forms of PAEM in Multiwfn, corresponding to user-defined functions 33 and 34. The source code is "real*8 function PAEM(x,y,z,itype)" in function.f90, user-defined functions 33 and 34 correspond to itype=1 and 2, respectively.

In the case of itype=1, the most expensive part is calling subroutine genGTFattmat to construct nuclear attraction potential integral matrix, which was written very early based on slow algorithm (similar to the oldest slow version of ESP code).

In the case of itype=2, ESP is directly evaluated, and can take advantage of libreta. (If you are using latest version of Multiwfn and evaluating PAEM in this way, from prompts on screen you will find libreta is automatically initialized before formal calculation)


It seems possible to significantly accelerate subroutine genGTFattmat by properly adapting code of libreta, but I haven't explored this point.

#21 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » How can I visualize HOMO/LUMO and Fukui function as images in Multiwfn » 2025-10-13 15:14:22

The function I mentioned above can also invoke ORCA to generate needed .wfn files (select option "-2 Choose the quantum chemistry program used in option 1" and switch to ORCA). Gaussian is never the only choice.

In addition, if you prefer to manually generate the wavefunction files for N, N-1 and N+1 states and generate Fukui functions using the way described in Section 4.5.4 of Multiwfn manual, you can also use many codes other than Gaussian to generate them, such as ORCA, GAMESS-US, NWChem, MRCC, Dalton and so on, all of them are freely available. See beginning part of Chapter 4 on how to do.

#23 Re: Quantum Chemistry » Broken symmetry calculation to estimate magnetic coupling parameter J » 2025-10-12 12:25:50

Hello,

I am not sure, but using the MECP geometry between the two spin states may be a meaningful choice, at least it is not biased to any state.

#24 Re: Quantum Chemistry » Question about how to simulate the fluorescence spectrum in ORCA » 2025-10-12 12:13:11

Hello,

The developer knows more than me. At least, I found the simulated emission spectrum in this way is correct. Maybe it was designed in that way.

#25 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Error: The promolecular density for the element with index of 113 has » 2025-10-12 12:02:25

I already sent the two articles yesterday. You can directly reply my E-mail to provide your file.

#26 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Error: The promolecular density for the element with index of 113 has » 2025-10-11 13:44:14

The maps look very weird. Perhaps the isovalue was not properly set (should be too small). Without your structure file I cannot reproduce your result and clearly answer this question.

#27 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » How can I visualize HOMO/LUMO and Fukui function as images in Multiwfn » 2025-10-10 13:52:26

Hello,

Main function 0 of Multiwfn is able to directly plot isosurface map of MOs, see Section 4.0 of Multiwfn manual for example.

To generate and plot Fukui functions in Multiwfn, please follow the example in Section 4.22.1 of Multiwfn manual.

#28 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Error: The promolecular density for the element with index of 113 has » 2025-10-10 09:00:27

melhenawy111 wrote:

Dear Lian

One important thing, after I got the selected coordinates for a ligand and the surrounding amino acids in .xyz file for about 1000 frames usinf the following (same residue as within 3.5 of resname LIG  or (not protein and not waters and not ions and not ion)) in VMD, when I used to open .xyz file with notepad++, I got that there are some water molecules and one Ion, so I remove all water molecules and ions from the .xyz file.
So the .xyz file will have only atomic coordinates for amino acids and ligand

Is this, okay? or I should not remove the water molecules?
Kindly, reply for this matter.

Thanks

If you only want to study interaction between amino acids and ligand, you can remove all other parts.

#29 Re: Multiwfn and wavefunction analysis » Error: The promolecular density for the element with index of 113 has » 2025-10-10 08:58:44

melhenawy111 wrote:

Dear Tian
Can you share me the above-mentioned manuscripts
Tian Lu, Graphically Revealing Weak Interactions in Dynamic Environments Using amIGM Method, Struct. Bond. (2025) https://doi.org/10.1007/430_2025_95
Tian Lu, Visualization Analysis of Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions in Real Space, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 137, e202504895 (2025) DOI: 10.1002/anie.202504895
As i don't have access to get it both.

Please show me your E-mail.

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